MII IG PRO
2027.0.0-ballot.1 - Germany

This page is part of the MII Implementation Guide PRO (v2027.0.0-ballot.1: 2027 Ballot 5) based on FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) R4. This is the current published version in its permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions

SSD-12

Clinical Context

The SSD-12 (Somatic Symptom Disorder – B Criteria Scale) captures the psychological features of somatic symptom disorder per DSM-5 — not the bodily complaints themselves, but how the person deals with them: excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviours relating to their own symptoms.

Twelve items cover the three DSM-5 B criteria (cognitive, affective, behavioural) and are answered on a five-point frequency scale (0 = never, to 4 = very often).

Scoring (sum score 0–48): a simple sum across all twelve items; higher values indicate greater psychological burden. A cut-off is deliberately not documented here, as none could be evidenced reliably within this implementation.

Complement to the PHQ-15: where the PHQ-15 measures the severity of bodily complaints, the SSD-12 captures the psychological response to them. Only together do they cover both criterion groups of somatic symptom disorder.

FHIR Implementation

Language strategy: German as the primary language — the German version is the one collected in PCOR-MII. Whether German is the instrument's original language is unresolved: in favour are the German development team (Löwe/UKE Hamburg, Henningsen/TU Munich) and the German-language development sample; against are the English-language development publication and a separate 2025 validation study of the German version. Until this is evidenced, no English item text is claimed.

Questionnaire

Canonical URL: https://www.medizininformatik-initiative.de/fhir/ext/modul-pro/Questionnaire/mii-qst-pro-ssd-12

Capabilities: Displayable, Collectable, Calculatable, Extractable, Domain-aligned

Implementation notes:

  • linkIds ssd12-q01…ssd12-q12, score item ssd12-score-total.
  • A dedicated, instrument-specific answer scale: MII CodeSystem mii-cs-pro-ssd-12-answers with an itemWeight property 0–4, bound via answerValueSet (mii-vs-pro-ssd-12-answers). The wording of the response levels is part of the validated instrument and is therefore not replaced by a generic scale.
  • The display values of the answer concepts are German (English labels as designation), matching the language of the questionnaire — see the note below.
  • Score calculation via FHIRPath: %resource.item.where(linkId.matches('^ssd12-q(0[1-9]|1[0-2])$')).answer.value.weight().sum().
  • Neither LOINC nor SNOMED CT carries a code for the SSD-12. The LOINC codes 94027-0/94028-8 concern generic DSM-5 SSD concepts and were deliberately not used, so as not to suggest false coverage.

Note on display language: in a resource with language = #de the FHIR validator expects the German display in valueCoding. An English display makes the entire answerValueSet check fail — with the misleading message that the value is not in the value set.

The complete resource: Questionnaire definition.

Score Representation

  1. Calculated item in the QuestionnaireResponse (linkId: ssd12-score-total)
  2. Observation carrying the MII score code ssd-12-total
  3. ObservationDefinition: mii-obsdef-pro-score-ssd-12 — value range 0–48 {score}, higher = greater psychological burden

License

Freely available per the PCOR-MII DIZ implementation list.

Sources

  • Toussaint A, Murray AM, Voigt K, Herzog A, Gierk B, Kroenke K, Rief W, Henningsen P, Löwe B. Development and validation of the Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale (SSD-12). Psychosomatic Medicine 2016;78(1):5–12. doi:10.1097/PSY.0000000000000240
  • Toussaint A, Löwe B, Brähler E, Jordan P. The Somatic Symptom Disorder – B Criteria Scale (SSD-12): factorial structure, validity and population-based norms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2017;97:9–17. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.017